The first is Expository, this is the most traditional mode and it
focuses on the voice over. The 'voice of God', you hear him or her but
you never see them. There would be a lot of footage and archive material
etc. to help back up the voice over and support the argument. Images
are often used to illustrate or even counterpoint the
voiceover.
The second mode is the observational mode. This mode consists of no
interviews, no voiceover, but with lots of handheld footage and long
takes. The sound is caught on location rather than added in during
editing. The subjects also pretend that they are not being filmed.
The third mode is participatory. This mode could be described as having
a mix of observational mode and expository mode in it. There is a
voiceover of the documentary maker talking, but there are also
synchronous sound recordings. The documentary maker interacts with the
subject. There are interviews and a lot of footage and archival material
as well as newspaper heading and letters. The documentary maker is
visible to the audience.
The fourth mode is reflexive documentary. This mode tries to capture an
emotional response from the audience by borrowing techniques from
fiction films. They like dramatic lighting and dramatic music. The
voiceover isn’t telling you things, they are questioning things so that
the audience can come to their own conclusions but with suggestive
factors.
The last mode is the performative mode. This mode is when the documentary maker interacts with the audience and will comment on the process of making the documentary. The documentary will address the audience in an emotional and direct way. The documentary may be focused towards an investigation or a search, but this may not lead to any satisfactory conclusion.
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